Pipe Flanges are widely used as a
popular category of pipe fittings. A flange is used
to mechanically connect two pipes together. It can
also be used to mechanically connect a pipe to a
tee, valve, choke or any other piece of equipment.
Flanges are available in round, square, and
rectangular shapes. In some cases, flanges are
usually in the shape of a ring or a plate to form a
rim at the end of a pipe when fastened to the pipe.
This is an example of closet flange. A flange can
also be a plate for covering or closing the end of a
pipe. This is a blind flange. Thus, flanges are
considered to be projecting or internal components
which are used to support mechanical parts. They are
like rims which are used to strengthen the
mechanical part or they are a means of attaching
that part to another part or surface.
Materials used:
Various materials used in the making of flanges are
as follows:
- Steel
- Stainless Steels
- Cast Iron
- Brass
- Galvanized steel
-
Carbon
Steel
- Aluminum
- Copper
- Polypropylene
- PVC etc.
Pipe flange measurements:
- Flange’s outside diameter (OD): which
is measured from outer edge to opposing outer
edge.
- Thickness: which measures only the
thickness of the attaching outer rim, and does
not include the part of the flange that holds
the pipe.
- Bolt circle diameter: which is
measure from the center of a bolt hole to the
center of the opposing hole.
- Pipe size: Pipe flanges also have a
corresponding pipe size, generally according to
accepted standards.
- Nominal bore size: All pipe flanges
are sized according to their nominal bore size.
It is important when manufacturing and ordering
any type of pipe connector to match the bore
size of the piece with the bore size of the
mating pipe.
Buying Tips
To buy pipe flanges, the buyers should keep in
mind certain factors like:
- Size
- Standard
- Type (Standard): Weld-neck,
Blind, Slip-on, Lap-joint, Screwed
- Standard facings: Ring-type
joint, Raised face, Flat face, Male/female,
Tongue/groove
- Material: Selection of materials
for pipe flanges depends on the piping
material and the nature of the application.
Material selection depends on certain
factors like:
- Atmospheric corrosion
- Temperature
- Strength and
- Economy
- Other features
- Should be light in weight
- Should be quick to assemble
- Can hold high pressures
- Can be repeatedly disassembled and
resealed
- Heavy wall thickness
Designs of flanges:
A wide variety of flange designs are available. They
are available in various shapes and sizes. Some of
the popular designs are as follows:
- Butt weld
- Socket weld
- Captive
- Split
- Square
- Round
- Rectangle etc.
Custom shapes and sizes are also
manufactured by numerous manufacturers. Various pipe
flanges include machining details such as gasket
surfaces, facing details, non-standard drilling,
bevel and radius edges, o-ring grooves and raised or
recessed faces. Some typical designs on flanges
faces are shown below.
Raised Face

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Counter Bore
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Radius
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Chamfer
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O-Ring Groove
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Gasket Surface
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